Product Description: NAD+
Introduction
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a naturally occurring coenzyme found in all living cells. It plays a central role in various biochemical processes, including energy production and metabolism. NAD+ is crucial for the proper function of mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, and is involved in redox reactions, cellular repair, and signaling pathways. NAD+ has been a subject of extensive research due to its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis and its potential involvement in processes related to aging and cellular stress responses. This high-purity NAD+ product is intended for research purposes, allowing scientists to investigate its functions, mechanisms, and potential applications in different fields of study.
What is NAD+?
NAD+ is a coenzyme that exists in two forms: the oxidized form (NAD+) and the reduced form (NADH). It is involved in redox reactions, where it alternates between its oxidized and reduced forms to facilitate electron transfer within cells. NAD+ is essential for various enzymatic reactions in the cell, including those catalyzed by enzymes known as dehydrogenases, which are responsible for energy production. NAD+ is also involved in other cellular processes such as DNA repair, cell signaling, and the regulation of metabolic pathways.
As an essential coenzyme, NAD+ helps cells produce ATP, the primary energy carrier in cells, through cellular respiration. It also plays a critical role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, cell survival, and longevity.
Potential Different Names
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NAD
- NAD+ coenzyme
- Nicotinamide dinucleotide
- NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
Chemical Formula
The chemical formula of NAD+ is C21H27N7O14P2.
Structure
NAD+ is a complex molecule consisting of two nucleotides joined by a phosphodiester bond. It contains the following structural components:
- Adenine nucleotide: This part of the molecule contains an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group.
- Nicotinamide nucleotide: This portion contains a nicotinamide base (a form of niacin, or vitamin B3), a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group. The nicotinamide base is involved in electron transfer during redox reactions.
The structure of NAD+ allows it to participate in redox reactions by accepting and donating electrons, which is critical for various biochemical pathways, including energy production in mitochondria and other metabolic functions within the cell.
How Does It Work?
NAD+ functions as a coenzyme in various enzymatic reactions, playing a central role in redox processes within cells. The most well-known function of NAD+ is its involvement in cellular energy metabolism. In this context, NAD+ facilitates the transfer of electrons during processes like glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, all of which are critical for ATP production.
In addition to its role in energy metabolism, NAD+ is also involved in:
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DNA repair: NAD+ serves as a substrate for enzymes called poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which are responsible for repairing damaged DNA. NAD+ provides the necessary energy for these repair processes to maintain cellular integrity.
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Sirtuin activation: NAD+ activates sirtuins, a family of proteins that regulate various cellular functions, including stress responses, inflammation, and cellular metabolism. Sirtuins are involved in the regulation of aging and longevity processes.
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Cell signaling: NAD+ plays a key role in cellular signaling pathways that regulate important functions, such as circadian rhythms and the cellular response to stress.
Due to its role in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cell signaling, NAD+ is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and function. Researchers continue to study its potential to impact various biological processes and its potential applications in the fields of aging, metabolic disorders, and cellular health.
Conclusion
NAD+ is a vital coenzyme involved in numerous biochemical processes that are essential for cellular energy production, DNA repair, and cell signaling. With its central role in redox reactions, mitochondrial function, and metabolism, NAD+ is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. As a subject of ongoing research, NAD+ continues to offer insights into cellular function, aging, and metabolic regulation. This high-quality NAD+ product is intended for use in research settings to facilitate the study of its mechanisms and potential applications.
Disclaimer
NAD+ is intended for research purposes only. It is not intended for human consumption, clinical use, or diagnostic purposes. Researchers should adhere to all appropriate laboratory safety protocols when handling, storing, and disposing of the product. This description is provided for informational purposes only and does not make any health claims regarding the use of this product.